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Furrow Institute

Soil carbon research with smallholder farmers in the Rift Valley · Nakuru, Kenya · Non-profit research institute

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Research institute · Nakuru, Kenya · since 2019

of carbon stored per hectare each year when smallholder farms in the Rift Valley switch to cover crops.

1.8tonnes

Peer-reviewed · Nature Sustainability, March 2025 · data open under CC BY

How we know

Farm plots measured
4,100
Soil samples
61,000
Growing seasons
5
Farmers taking part
2,300
Studies pre-registered
9 of 9

What we’ve shown

  • Cover crops add 1.8 tonnes of carbon per hectare each year on clay soils.

    High confidence5 seasons, 4,100 plots
  • Maize yields hold steady for two seasons, then rise about 9%.

    Moderate confidence3 seasons
  • Farmers who see their own soil results are twice as likely to keep the practice.

    Early signalOne trial, 400 farmers

What we don’t know yet

  1. Does the carbon stay in the ground after farmers stop?Related role: Senior Soil Scientist
  2. Can a $40 sensor replace a lab soil test?Related role: Hardware Engineer, Soil Sensing
  3. How should farmers be paid for the carbon they store?Related role: Economist, Farmer Payments

Open roles · 3

Join the lab answering the next three questions

None of these fit you?

New roles appear here as they open.

Recent papers

  • 2025

    Soil organic carbon gains under cover cropping on Kenyan smallholder farms

    Nature SustainabilityPaperData
  • 2024

    Showing farmers their soil data: a randomised trial

    World DevelopmentPaperData
  • 2023

    Low-cost spectroscopy for field soil carbon estimates

    Geodermanull resultPaperData

How the lab works

  • Every study is pre-registered

    We publish the plan before we collect the data.

  • Null results get published

    One in three of our papers reports something that didn’t work.

  • Data is open within 90 days

    Anyone can check our numbers, including people who disagree with us.

  • Farmers see results first

    Every farmer gets their plot’s results before any paper is written.

Who’s in the lab

  • Priya Sharma

    Sensors and field hardware

  • Daniel Kim

    Research director, soil carbon

  • Ayo Bankole

    Field coordination, 2,300 farmers

  • Sarah Mitchell

    Open data and methods

  • Amara Okafor

    Farmer economics

  • Marcus Chen

    Statistics and study design

Not sure which role is yours? Talk to Daniel for 15 minutes.

No CV needed. Ask about the research, the farms, or what a week in the lab looks like.